William Herman Rau, A group of refugees on Rue du Pavé, Fort de France, Martinique,  following the eruption of Mount Pelee, 1902.
Source: Library of Congress

William Herman Rau, A group of refugees on Rue du Pavé, Fort de France, Martinique, following the eruption of Mount Pelee, 1902.

Source: Library of Congress

George Williford Boyce Haley, San Francisco Earthquake of 1906: [People] leaving the city, April 1906.
Source: National Archives and Records Administration

George Williford Boyce Haley, San Francisco Earthquake of 1906: [People] leaving the city, April 1906.

Source: National Archives and Records Administration

Jewish refugees aboard the SS St. Louiswhile the ship was docked in the port of Havana, Cuba, May 1939.

Jewish refugees aboard the SS St. Louiswhile the ship was docked in the port of Havana, Cuba, May 1939.

Jewish refugees from Czechoslovakia being marched away by British police at Croydon airport, South London, England, March 1939.

Jewish refugees from Czechoslovakia being marched away by British police at Croydon airport, South London, England, March 1939.

 Boris Kudoyarov, “After bombing”. Citizens of Leningrad leaving their houses destroyed by German bombing, Saint Petersburg, Russia, December 1942.
Source: RIA Novosti archive

Boris Kudoyarov, “After bombing”. Citizens of Leningrad leaving their houses destroyed by German bombing, Saint Petersburg, Russia, December 1942.

Source: RIA Novosti archive

Michael Rougier, Korea, September 1951.

Michael Rougier, Korea, September 1951.

 Fred Csasznik, Palestinian refugees making their way from Galilee after the British Mandate of Palestine, October-November 1948.

Fred Csasznik, Palestinian refugees making their way from Galilee after the British Mandate of Palestine, October-November 1948.

Max Desfor, Flight of Refugees Across Wrecked Bridge in Korea. Pyongyang, North Korea, December 1950.

Max Desfor, Flight of Refugees Across Wrecked Bridge in Korea. Pyongyang, North Korea, December 1950.

The wife and daughter of a US soldier sitting in the first class dining car of  a train looking out window at German “expelles” traveling in boxcars from Selesia to Westphalia with a British soldier standing on the ground between two  trains. Photograph by Walter Sanders. Germany, 1946.

The wife and daughter of a US soldier sitting in the first class dining car of a train looking out window at German “expelles” traveling in boxcars from Selesia to Westphalia with a British soldier standing on the ground between two trains. Photograph by Walter Sanders. Germany, 1946.

A man pulling a cart loaded with his children and valuables as he escapes from imminent Nazi occupation during World War II. Photograph by Carl Mydans. Paris, 1940.

A man pulling a cart loaded with his children and valuables as he escapes from imminent Nazi occupation during World War II. Photograph by Carl Mydans. Paris, 1940.